Roofing or siding material



Feb. 21, 1939. H. T LYMAN ROOFING OR STDTNG MATERIAL Filed Aug. l9, 19

INVENTOR HAROLD 7'. LYMAN.

ATTORNEY Patented F b. 21, 1939 PATENT o us auaic'z' I noomcon sinnvcMATERIAL 7 Harold .'r. Lyman. Oransto'n, n. 1., assignor to HomasotcCompany, Incorporated, Fernwood, N. J.,,a corporation of New JerseyApplication August 19, 1938, Serial N 0. 225,693

11 Claims. 108-8) This invention'relates to roofing and siding materialsand particularly to constructions possessing both heat insulating andweatherproofing properties.

Roofing and siding materials as heretofore made have possessedweatherproofing properties but have not been good heat-insulators withthe result that buildingsto which they are applied and particularly theupper floors and attics of such buildings are usually hot in summer anddifficult to heat in winter. In some instances I separate heatinsulating material has to be ap-- plied to the structure to overcomethis objection but this remedy is expensive and not always 5satisfactory. a V v It has also been usual heretofore, when usingflexible shingles or weatherproofing material to form the roof with awooden deck or sheathing to provide adequate supportfor the shingles and20 a-suitable surface towhich they may be nailed. L However the cost ofsugfi1 sheathing increases the cost of the wafer si its heat-insulatingcharacteristics. In accordance with'the present invention these 25objections to constructions of the prior art are overcome and roofingandsiding material pro-' vided which possesses both heat insulating andweatherproofing properties and which is less expensive to produce andlay than are conventional 30 constructions having comparable heatinsulation and weatherproofing characteristics.

These results may be attained by the use of roofing or siding elementsformed of variousmaterials and'in different forms but as shown in 35 thedrawing and hereinafter described it is preferred to provide elementsembodying the present invention with a base formed of heat insulatingmaterial-to which a layer of weatherproofin g material is secured andarranged to .40 overlap an adjacent element in substantially the samemanner as when laying ordinary shingles. The heat insulating material isformed so that the edges thereof are supported by spaced furring stripsand are positioned so as to be in abut- 45 mentwith the edges of heatinsulating material on adjacent elements whereby they cooperate toprovide a substantially continuous layer of heat insulating materialextending over the entire area of the roof or structure upon the outsideof 50 the furring strips and directly beneath the waterproofingmaterial. insulation may be provided for the walls and roofs ofbuildings at less cost for materials and installation than has beenpossible heretofore. '55 An important feature of the present invention gwithout increasing In this way 'efiective .heatresides in the provisionof heat insulation material so constructed as to allow for lateralexpansion and contraction of the insulating ma terial or the furringstrips and structure by which the elements are supported without causingcurl- I ing of the flexible waterproofing materialat the edges thereof.Thus the waterproofing material is caused to lie fiat and even under allweather conditions and with all changes in temperature.

Another important feature of the present invention resides in theelimination of tapered members such as thetapered shingles ortaperedfurring strips ,which have been suggested by the prior art, andiii the provision of a structure which may be employed to utilizerelatively small pieces of heat insulating material'usually consideredas waste material or scrap from the pro-' duction of insulating sheetsorboards.

Theseand other features and objects of the present invention will appearfrom the following description thereof in which reference is made to theaccompanying figures of the drawing, wherein:

Fig. -1 is a view partly in section and partly in perspective of aportion of a roof having a plurality of elements embodying the presentin vention applied thereto,

. Fig. 2 is a perspective of a single roofing element embodying thepresent invention,

1 Fig. 3 is a view partly in section and partly in perspective of a.portion of a roof embodying an alternative form of roofing elementembodying the present invention, and

Fig. 4 is a sectional view of a roof having a plurality of elements ofthe type illustrated in Fig. 3 applied thereto. i In that form of myinvention illustrated in- Figs. 1 and 2 an element designed as a shingleis formed with a base of substantially rigid insulating material 2 tothe upper surface of which 40 is secured a sheet 4 of flexibleweather-proofing and water-proofing material such as coated and surfacedasphalt, saturated felt or other suitable orv preferred material. Thesheet 4 covers the upper surface of the body 2 and has a portion 6projecting beyond the lower edge 8. of the heat insulating base tooverlap a portionof an element laid in an adjacent lower course. Thelength ofthe heat insulating baseirom the lower edge 8 to the upper edgeIll thereof is equal in length to that portion of the pioiect- .ingportion 5 of the waterproofing material which is to be exposed. whenlaid and is equal to the distance from center to center of the fun-lugstrips l2 upon which the elements are laid when assembled as shown in'Fig. 1.

The furring strips l2 are supported on rafters or studs 54 and when theelements are to have six inches thereof exposed to the weather thefurring strips are spaced six inches apart and the heat insulating body2 is formed six inches in length from the lower edge 8 to the upper edgel thereof. In this way the upper and lower edges of the base may besupported by adjacent furring strips and the elements positioned withthe edges of the heat insulating base of one element abutting the edgesof the heat insulating bases of elements in adjacent upper and lowercourses and at either side thereof in the same course so that theycooperate to produce a substantially continuous layer of heat insulatingmaterial on the outside of the furring strips and directly beneath theweatherproofing material.

Preferably the projecting portion 6 of the weatherproofing sheet 4 isgreater in length than the distance between the furring strips so thatwhen layed as shown in Fig. 1 it will overlap a plurality of lowerelements and cover and conceal the means by which the elements aresecured in place. As shown in Fig. l. .the elements may be secured tothe furring strips by means of nails l6 driven through the elementsadjacent the upper edge thereof. This is usually sufficient to preventraising of the elements after being layed and under the action of highwinds or other weather conditions, but if desired, the elements may alsobe nailed at 18 to the furring strip upon which the lower edge of thebase 2 rests particularly when the projecting portions 6 of the upperelements are long enough to cover the nails l8 and prevent leakage aboutthe same.

In order to prevent curling of the elements at the lateral edges thereofdue to expansion and contraction of the heat insulating material or toexpansion and contraction of the furring strips or other elements of thestructure to which the elements are applied, the base 2 of the elementspreferably are formed with areas 20 having expansion spaces 22therebetween for allowing expansion and contraction of the materialbetween the expansion spaces without producing strains in thewaterproofing material which will cause curling of the lateral edgesthereof. The expansion spaces 22 may be provided in any suitable way,but in practice it has been found that a very convenient and effectivemanner of providing such spaces is to form slots in the material of theheat insulating base extending parallel to the lateral edges 24 oftheelement and extending more than half way through the material of theheat insulating base from the lower face 26 of the material toward theupper face thereof to which the weatherproofing sheet 4 is secured. Inthis way the ends of each of the areas 20 of the heat insulating base issupported by the furring strips giving the necessary strength to theelement so that the roof or siding can withstand shocks and may bewalked or. even jumped upon if necessary. Furthermore, the various areasof the heat insulating base are connected one to the other so as tofacilitate construction of the elements and handling of all the spacedareas thereof making up the base of the element. With this constructionthe elements, when secured in place on the structure with the heatinsulating material secured to the furring strips or structure, arecapable of limited lateral expansion and contraction sufficient to takeup all normal movements thereof without causing curling of the lateraledges of the weatherproofing material of the elements. Moreover, thebase maybe produced from material heretofore rejected as scrap in themanufacture of insulating sheets or boards, particularly when the areasof the base are entirely separated from each other instead of be ingconnected together as in the present form of the invention illustrated.

In some instances and especially when using weatherproofing materialwhich is relatively thick it may be desired to position the elements inlaying the same so that the lower surface of the projecting portion ofthe weatherproofing material will lie in the same plane as the uppersurface of the weatherproofing material carried by an element in anadjacent lower course. At the same time it is desired to utilize heatinsulating material which is substantially uniform in thickness so thatthe heat insulating properties thereof may be uniform and the elementsmay be formed from small pieces of heat insulating material produced inthe manufacture of insulating sheets or boards. In such cases theelements may be formed, as illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4, with .a heatinsulating base 30 of substantially uniform thickness to which a sheet32 of weatherproofing material is secured as in the construction shownin Figs. 1 and 2. However, the base of each .element is provided with amember 34 located on the lower face 36 thereof and extending along thelower edge 38 of the base so as to rest upon the furring strips 40 andhold the lower edge of the base in spaced relation with respect thereto.The member 34 is substantially equal in thickness to the thickness ofthe weatherproofing sheet so that the sheet will lay substantially inthe same plane as the upper surfaceof the sheet of weatherproofingmaterialcarried by an element of an adjacent lower course.

The member 34 preferably is formed separate from the material of theheat insulating base and may consist of a strip of weatherproofingmaterial similar to that from which the sheet 32 is formed. In this waythe projecting portion of the weatherproofing sheet of each of theelements is caused to lay flat upon the upper surface of theweatherprofing material of elements in lower courses and flexing of theweatherproofing material does not occur even when the lower edges 38 ofthe heat insulating bases of the elements are nailed or otherwisesecured to the furring strips above which they are located.

The weatherproofing material may be secured to the heat insulatingmaterial by any suitable means such as cement, pitch, glue or otheradhesive material and the elements themselves may be secured to thefurring strips by means of nails or glue, adhesive or the like.

The form and shape of the elements will depend largely on the purpose,for which they are to be employed, the shape of the sheet ofweatherproofing material and the shape of the heat insulating base usedwhen the elements are employed as shingles being quite different fromthat used when the elements are employed as siding material or otherpurposes. The material of which the weather-proofing material is formedand the material employed as the heat insulating base of the elementsalso may vary considerably and will be determined in part at least bythe purpose for which the elements are to be used. In view of thesefacts it will be apparent that numerous changes and variations may bemade in the form and construction of the parts of which the elements areformedwithout departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Itshould therefore be understood that the forms of theinvention-illustrated in the drawing and herein described are intendedtobe illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the scopethereof.

I claim:

1. An element adapted for use as roofing or siding material and designedto be laid with other similar elements in adjacent courses on a roof orthe like, comprising a base formed of substantially rigid heatinsulating material having a sheet of flexible weather-proofing materialsecured thereto on one face thereof with a portion of theweather-proofing material projecting beyond an edge of said base .tooverlap an element in an adjacent lower course, said base being formedwith areas having expansion spaces therebetween serving to allowexpansion and contraction of the intervening material without producingstrains in the waterproofing material which will cause curling of theedges thereof.

2. An element adapted for use as roofing or siding material and designedto be laid with other similar elements in adjacent courses on a.

roof or the "like comprising a base formed of substantially rigid heatinsulating material having asheet of flexible weather-proofing materialsecured thereto on one face thereof with a portion of theweather-proofing material projecting beyond an edge of said base tooverlap an element in an adjacent lower course, said base havinglaterally spaced slots in a face thereof permitting expansion andcontraction of the intervening material without producing strains in thewaterproofing material which will cause curling of the lateral edgesthereof.

3. An element adapted for use as roofing or siding material and designedto be 'laid with other similar elements in adjacent courses on a roof orthe like comprising a base formed of substantially rigid heatinsulatingmaterial having a v sheet of flexible weather-proofing.material secured thereto to one face thereof with a portion of theweather-proofing material projecting beyond an edge of said base tooverlap an element in an adjacent lower course, said base havingparallel slots in a face thereof permitting expansion and contraction ofthe intervening material without producing strains in the waterproofingmaterial which will cause curling of the lateral edges thereof.

4. An element adapted for use as roofing or side ing material anddesigned to be, laid with other similar elements in adjacent courses ona roof or the like comprising a base formed of substantially rigid heatinsulating material having a sheet of flexible water-proofing materialsecured thereto on one face thereof with a portion of theweather-proofing material projecting beyond an edge of said base tooverlap an element in an adjacent lower course said base having aplurality of slots formed in a face thereof parallel to the lateraledges of the base and extending more than half way through material ofthe base permitting expansion and contraction of the in terveningmaterial without producing strains in the water-proofing material whichwill cause curling of the lateral edges thereof.

5. An element adapted for use as roofing and. siding material and,designed to i be laid with other similar elements 'in adjacent courseson a roof or the like comprising a base formed of substantially rigidheat insulating material provided I with laterally spaced slots in onesurface thereof I permitting limited expansion and contraction of v thematerial of which the base is formed and flexible weather-proofingmaterial securedto the opposite surface of said base and projecting be-'yond an edge thereof to overlap an element of an adjacent lower course.

6. An element adapted for use as roofing and siding material anddesigned to' be laid with other similar elements in adjacent courses ona roof or the like comprising a base formed of substantially rigid heatinsulating material provided with slots in one face thereof parallel tothe lateral edges'of the base and extending more than half way throughthe material of whichthe base is formed, permitting limited lateralexpansion and contraction of the material of the base, and flexibleweather-proofing material secured to the opposite face of said base andprojecting beyond an edge thereof to overlap an element in an adjacentlower course.

7. A structure having members with furring strips applied theretofurring strips in adjacent courses, said elements each having a baseformed of substantially rigid heat insulating material and arranged withthe upper and lower edges of the base resting upon adjacent furringstrips and with all of the edges of the base in abutment with the edgesof the heat insulating bases of adjacent elements whereby said heatinsulating bases cooperate to form a substantially continuous flat layerof heat insuand elements secured to the the water-proofing mathe furringstrips in adjacent courses, said elements each having a base formed ofsubstantially rigid heat insulating material and arranged with the upperand lower edges of the base resting upon adjacent furring strips andwith all of the edges of the base in abutment with the edges of the heatinsulating bases of adjacent elements whereby said heat insulating basescooperate to form a substantially continuous fiat layer of heatinsulating material overlying said furring strips, each element alsobeing provided with an outer layer of weather-proofing materialprojecting therefrom beyond an edge of said base and overlapping anelement in an adjacent lower course, the body of heat insulatingmaterial of each of said elements being formed with slots extendingparallel to the lateral edges of the element to permit lateral expansionand contraction of the heatinsulating material without causing curlingof the lateral edges of the water-proofing material.

9. A structure having members with furring strips applied thereto andspaced substantially uniform. distances apart and elements secured tosaid furring strips in adjacent courses each of said elements having abase formed of substantially rigid heat insulating material arrangedwith the upper and lower edges thereof resting upon adjacent furringstrips and in abutment with the edges of the heat insulating bases ofadjacent elements whereby said heat insulating be ses cooperate to forma substantially continuous layer of heat insulating material of uniformthickness overlying said furring strips, said bases being formed withslots extending parallel to the lateral edges thereof to allow limitedlateral expansion and contraction of the material of which said base isformed without causing curling of the lateral edges of thewater-proofing material, each element also being provided with' a layerof weather-proofing material projected from the lower edge of the heatinsulating body and overlapping-the upper edge of an element in anadjacent lower course.

4 10. An element adapted for use as roofing or siding material anddesigned to be laid with other similar elements in adjacent courses on aroof or the like, comprising a base formed of substantially rigid heatinsulating material of uniform thickness with a layer of flexiblewaterproofing material secured to one face thereof, and meanssubstantially equal in thickness to said water-proofing material locatedon the opposite face of the heat insulating material along that edgethereoffrom which the water-proofing material projects so that whenlayed in courses on a roof the lower surface of the overlappingwaterproofing material of an element in one course will be substantiallyeven with the upper surface of the waterproofing material overlying thebase of an element in an adjacent lower cours 11. A structure havingmembers with furring strips applied thereto and spaced substantiallyuniform distances apart and elements secured to the furring strips inadjacent courses, each of said elements being formed with a base ofsubstantially rigid heat insulating material of uniform thickness withthe upper and lower edges thereof located above adjacent furring strips,said bases each having flexible water-proofing material applied to theupper face thereof and projecting from the lower edge thereof and meanssubstantially equal in thickness to said waterproofing material locatedon the opposite face of the base and extending along the lower edgethereof and resting upon a furring strip whereby the water-proofingmaterial carried by each element lays flat upon-the vupper surface'ofthe waterproofing material covering the base of an element in anadjacent lower course.

HAROLD T. LYMAN.

